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Admiral of the Fleet Alfred Ernle Montacute Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield, (27 September 1873 – 15 November 1967) was a Royal Navy officer. During the First World War he was present as Sir David Beatty's Flag-Captain at the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914, at the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915 and at the Battle of Jutland in May 1916. After the War he became Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet and then Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet before serving as First Sea Lord in the mid-1930s in which role he won arguments that the Royal Navy should have 70 cruisers rather than the 50 cruisers that had been agreed at the Naval Conference of 1930, that the battleship was still had an important role to play despite the development of the bomber and that the Fleet Air Arm should be part of the Royal Navy rather than the Royal Air Force. He subsequently served as Minister for Coordination of Defence in the early years of the Second World War. ==Naval career== Born the only son of Admiral Alfred John Chatfield and Louisa Chatfield (née Faulconer), Chatfield was educated at St Andrew's School in Tenby before he entered the Royal Navy as a cadet in the training ship HMS ''Britannia'' in 1886.〔Heathcote, p. 40〕 He went to sea as a midshipman in the corvette HMS ''Cleopatra'' in November 1888 before transferring to the cruiser HMS ''Warspite'', flagship of the Pacific Station, in 1890.〔 Promoted to sub-lieutenant on 27 September 1892 and to lieutenant on 27 March 1894, he joined the battleship HMS ''Royal Sovereign'', flagship of the Channel Fleet in May 1894.〔 He attended the gunnery school HMS ''Excellent'' in 1895 and then joined the staff at the gunnery school HMS ''Cambridge'' at Devonport in August 1897.〔 Chatfield became gunnery officer in the battleship HMS ''Caesar'' in the Mediterranean Fleet in January 1899 and then joined the staff of the gunnery school HMS ''Wildfire'' at Sheerness in January 1900 before becoming gunnery officer in the cruiser HMS ''Good Hope'' in the Atlantic Fleet in November 1902.〔 Promoted to commander on 1 January 1904, he transferred to the battleship HMS ''Venerable'' in the Mediterranean Fleet in January 1904.〔 He returned to HMS ''Excellent'' in March 1906 and, having been promoted to captain on 30 June 1909, he became Flag Captain of the battleship HMS ''Albemarle'', flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Colin Keppel, second-in-command of the Atlantic Fleet, in September 1909 and then Flag Captain of the battleship HMS ''London'', Keppel's new flagship in the same role, in February 1910.〔Heathcote, p. 41〕 After attending the War course at the Royal Naval War College at Portsmouth, he served as Captain of the converted liner RMS ''Medina'' for the Royal Tour of India in 1911.〔 He was then given command first of HMS ''Aboukir'' in the Reserve Fleet in Summer 1912, then of the cruiser HMS ''Southampton'' in September 1912 and subsequently of the battle cruiser HMS ''Lion'', flagship of Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty's Battlecruiser Squadron, in March 1913.〔 During the First World War Chatfield was present as Beatty's Flag-Captain in the ''Lion'' at the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914, at the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915 and at the Battle of Jutland in May 1916.〔 It was at Jutland, after two British battlecruisers had blown up, that Beatty made his famous remark, "There seems to be something wrong with our bloody ships today, Chatfield".〔Wragg, pp. 83–93〕〔Mordal, p. 281.〕 Appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George on 31 May 1916 and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1916 Birthday Honours, Chatfield went on to command the battleship HMS ''Iron Duke'', Beatty's flagship as Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Fleet, in November 1916 and then the battleship , Beatty's new flagship in the same role, in February 1917.〔 He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George on 5 April 1919. After the war Chatfield served as Fourth Sea Lord from July 1919 and, having been appointed Naval Aide-de-Camp to the King on 26 January 1920 and promoted to rear-admiral on 31 July 1920, he became Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in February 1920.〔 Advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1922 Birthday Honours, he was appointed Commander of the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron in September 1922 and Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy in April 1925.〔 Promoted to vice-admiral on 1 March 1926, he went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet, with his flag in the battleship HMS ''Nelson'', in March 1929 and, having been promoted to full admiral on 1 April 1930, he became Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, with his flag in the battleship HMS ''Queen Elizabeth'', in May 1930.〔Heathcote, p. 42〕 Chatfield became First Sea Lord in January 1933〔 and was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1934 New Year Honours. As First Sea Lord he won arguments that the Royal Navy should have 70 cruisers rather than the 50 cruisers that had been agreed at the Naval Conference of 1930, that the battleship was still had an important role to play despite the development of the bomber and that the Fleet Air Arm should be part of the Royal Navy rather than the Royal Air Force.〔Heathcote, p. 43〕 He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 3 May 1935 and, having taken part in the funeral of King George V in January 1936 and the coronation of King George VI in May 1937, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Chatfield of Ditchling in the County of Sussex on 11 June 1937. He retired from the Royal Navy in August 1938.〔 In late 1938 Chatfield chaired the Expert Committee on the Defence of India which, using the work of the 1938 Auchinleck Committee, recommended that the arena of India's defence should be re-focussed more on her sea communications and less or her North-Western Land Frontier as well as the modernisation of the British Indian Army, the re-equipment of the RAF squadrons and the re-stocking of war stores.〔Kavic, p. 232〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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